System hacking is the core of the CEHv12 curriculum. Candidates learn about different techniques to gain unauthorized access to systems, including password cracking, privilege escalation, and maintaining access. This module emphasizes practical, hands-on experience with tools like Metasploit.

Understanding malware threats is crucial for any ethical hacker. This module covers various types of malware, including viruses, worms, Trojans, and ransomware. Candidates learn how to detect, analyze, and mitigate malware threats effectively.

Sniffing involves intercepting and logging network traffic. This module teaches candidates about packet sniffing techniques, including the use of tools like Wireshark. Candidates learn to detect and defend against sniffing attacks.

Social engineering exploits human psychology to gain access to sensitive information. This module covers different types of social engineering attacks, such as phishing, baiting, and pretexting. Candidates learn how to recognize and defend against these attacks.

DoS attacks aim to disrupt the availability of services. This module explores various DoS attack techniques and tools, as well as defense mechanisms. Candidates learn how to identify and mitigate DoS attacks to ensure service continuity

Session hijacking involves taking control of an active session between a client and server. This module teaches candidates how session hijacking works, techniques used, and how to prevent such attacks. Hands-on exercises help solidify these concepts.

Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS), firewalls, and honeypots are critical components of network defense. This module covers techniques used by attackers to evade these defenses. Candidates learn how to configure and strengthen these systems to detect and prevent intrusions.

Web servers are often targeted by hackers due to the valuable information they host. This module teaches candidates about various web server attacks, such as directory traversal, parameter tampering, and web shell attacks. Defense mechanisms are also covered extensively.

Web applications are susceptible to numerous vulnerabilities. This module covers common web application attacks, including SQL injection, cross-site scripting (XSS), and cross-site request forgery (CSRF). Candidates learn to secure web applications against these threats.

SQL injection is one of the most critical web application vulnerabilities. This module delves into SQL injection techniques and how attackers exploit them to gain unauthorized access to databases. Candidates learn preventive measures to safeguard against SQL injections.

Wireless networks present unique security challenges. This module covers various wireless encryption protocols and attacks, such as WEP cracking, WPA/WPA2 attacks, and rogue access points. Candidates learn to secure wireless networks effectively.

With the proliferation of mobile devices, securing mobile platforms is essential. This module addresses vulnerabilities in mobile operating systems, applications, and devices. Candidates learn about mobile security threats and countermeasures.

The Internet of Things (IoT) introduces new security challenges. This module covers IoT architecture, attack vectors, and vulnerabilities. Candidates learn how to secure IoT devices and networks.

Cloud computing offers numerous benefits but also presents unique security risks. This module explores cloud computing models, security challenges, and best practices for securing cloud environments. Candidates gain insights into cloud security strategies.

Cryptography is essential for securing data. This module covers cryptographic principles, algorithms, and tools. Candidates learn about encryption, decryption, hashing, and digital signatures, and how to implement cryptographic techniques to protect data.